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N0 MODEL. 15 SHEETS-SHEET 6- No. 755,719. PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904.

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APPLICATION FILED MAY 4, 1903. N0 MODEL.

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No. 755,719. PATBNTED MAR. 29, 1904. J. W. SNEDEKER.

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No. 755,719; PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904.

J. w. SNEDBKER. WIRE FABRIC LOOM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 4, 1903. K0 MODEL. v 16 SHEETS-SHEET 15.

Patented March 29, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES W. SNEDEKER, OF ADRIAN, MICHIGAN.

WIRE-FABRIC- LOOM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 755,719, dated March29, 1904. Applicati on filed May 4, 1903. Serial No. 155,635. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J AMES W. SNEDEKER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Adrian, in the county of Lenawee, State of Michigan, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Looms; and I do declarethe following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in ,the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the figures of reference marked thereon,which form a part of thisspecification. v This invention relates to aloom for weaving wire fabric, more especially designed for;

the weaving of wire fencing; and it consists in the construction andarrangement of parts.

through the machine, as distinguished from the intermittent movementofthe fabric incident to looms in common use, where an actual weavingtogether of the strands of the fabric is accomplished.

A further object is to provide for carrying the bobbins which form thewoof-strands upon shuttles, whereby they are made to travel across thewarp-strands of the fabric and are wound therearound in the operation ofweaving the fabric, the shuttles carrying the bobbins being movedlongitudinally of the machine and transversely thereof and dropped uponthe warp-wires and raised therefrom alternately, while the needle ofeach carrying the bobbin is intermittently driven to windor weave thewoof-wires into the fabric.

A further object is to provide means for carrying the shuttleslongitudinally of the machine in the operation of weaving and returningthem into position for a succeeding operation, the arrangement beingsuch that a number of shuttles are always in operation while the machineis running. 1

' A further object is to provide for feeding the warp-wires into themachine and spacing them the requisite distance apart, at the same wovenfabric into a suitable bundle at the tail of the machine and to providefor rotating said bundle in a manner to compensate for the gradualincrease in its diameter, so as to avoid unduly straining the wires ofthe fabric.

All of the foregoing objects are accomplished by the mechanismillustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l isaperspective view of a machine embodying this invention. Fig. 2 is alongitudinal section therethrough as on dotted line 2 2 of Fig. 4:. Fig.3 is an enlarged detail in section of parts hereinafter referred to.Fig. 4 is a transverse section through the machine. Fig. 5 is ahorizontal section through the machine as on line 5 5 of Fig. 4; Fig. 6is a fragmentary plan view of a portion of the machine Fig. 7 is anenlarged detail in perspective of one of the clamping-bars carrying themovable clamping-blocks between which the warp-wires of the fence areheld in their passage through the machine. Fig. 8 is a fragmentary viewin perspective of one of the clamping-bars in which the jawsare mounted,parts being broken away. Fig. 9 is a transverse section through one ofthe jaws and the clamping-bar in which it is seated as on line 9 9 ofFig. 8. Fig. 10 is a sectional view as on line 10 10 of Fig. 8. Fig.llis a rear View of the take-up or reel upon which the bundle is wound tthe tail of the machine, partsbeing in sec ion. Fig. 12 is a sectionalview as on line 12l12 of Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a sectional view as on line13 13 of Fig. 11. Fig. 14 is an enlarged pellspeotive view of theshuttle and a portion of tliefba upon which it is mounted to slide,showing l zmhu its normal position when traveling from wire to another.Fig. 15 is a like View showing the shuttle dropped upon the wire so asto cause said wire to lie in the needle of the file in shuttlepreparatory to winding the woof-wire around the warp-wire of the fabric.Fig. 16 is an enlarged sectional view through the shuttle in its normalposition. Fig. 17 is a sectional view through the shuttle as on line 1717 of Fig. 16. Fig. 18 is a similar view showing by dotted lines themovement of parts. Fig. 19 is a perspective view in detail of theshuttle, parts being broken away to show arrangement and construction.Fig. 20 is a perspective view in detail of a portion of the driving-gearof the shuttle and the needle which receives motion from said gear.Figs. 21, 22, and 23 are perspective views in detail of a portion of theneedle, showing the manner of carrying the bobbin and of wrapping itaboutthe longitudinal wires of a fence. Fig. 24 is a fragmentary view inperspective of the spring-clutch forming a part of the gearing of theshuttle and controlling the rotation of the needle carried thereon. Fig.25 is a sectional view as on line 25 25 of Fig. 4, through theadjustable fork which supports one of the sprocket-wheels which carrythe chain for driving the shuttle, showing means for adjusting said forkto place the proper tension on said chain. Fig. 26 is a fragmentary Viewin detailof a portion of one of the angle-faced pulleys over which thechains carrying the rack-sections travel, showing the links of saidchains and the rack-sections mounted thereon. Fig. 27 is a sectionalview through the clutch mechanism as on line 27 27 of Fig. 15. Fig. 28is a view, partly in section, of one of the rotary spiral coilers.

Referring to the characters of reference, 1 designates a suitable framein which the mechanism is mounted. Passing through the frametransversely and journaled therein is the main shaft 2. Upon oneof theprojecting ends of said shaft is fixed the drive-pulley 3, adapted tocarry the belt 4 by means of. which the machine is driven from anysuitable source of power. Upon the projecting ends of the shaft 2adjacent the frame of the machine are the pinions 5, which are fixedthereon and mesh with the pinions 6, fixed to the short countershafts 7and 8, journaled in opposite sides of the frame. Said shafts 7 and 8extend through the frame and carry upon their inner ends the -pinions 9that mesh with like pinions 10,

journaled in brackets 11, supported from the frame. These pinions 9 and10 are of equal diameter, and each engages the teeth of an endless rackadapted to travel horizontally in suitable ways in the frame. Thepinions 9 engage the upper side of the lower racks 12, while the pinions1O engage the lower side of the upper racks 13. The racks 12, as will beseen on referring to Fig. 26, comprise short sections mounted upon theface of the flat links 14, united by a hinged joint 15, forming endlesschains located on each side and extending longitudinally of the frame,said chains passing around the pulleys 16 and 17, respectively, mountedupon the transverse shafts 18 and 19, crossing the frame transverselyand journaled at their opposite ends. These pulleys are provided withthe angle-faces 20, upon which the flat links 14 are adapted to lie, andwith the curved peripheral recesses 21 in which the rounded hinge 15between the links is adapted to engage. These chains carrying theendless racks 12 are adapted to travel in the horizontal ways 22 and 23,mounted upon and projecting laterally from the inner face of the frame,whereby said chains are guarded in their travel and the racks carriedthereby are held to their work. The upper racks 13 are in like mannermounted upon the flat links 24 of the upper chains, the links of whichare united by the joints 25 and are adapted to pass around the pulleys26, mounted upon shafts journaled at the front and rear of the machine,said pulleys having the angle-faces 27, upon which said links areadapted to lie and having the curved peripheral recesses 28, whichreceive the joints 25 of said links. The chain-links carrying the upperracks, like those carrying the lower racks, are adapted to travel in theways 29 and 30, extending laterally from the inner face of the frame,whereby they are confined in place and directed in their work.

It will now be apparent that the lower racks 12 are driven through thepinions 9 and that the upper racks 13 are driven through the pinions 10and that both of said racks are driven in unison and at equal speed.Extending between the links 14, which carry the racks 12, are theclamp-bars 31, whose opposite ends are secured to the faces of saidlinks. These clamp-bars are provided with a channel 32 therein, (seeFigs. 7 and 8,) in which are seated the movable jaws 33, between whichthe warp or longitudinal wires 34 of the fence or fabric are adapted tolie and are securely clamped as they pass into the machine. The jaws 33are provided with reduced stems 35, which enter the channel 32 and whichare provided with the laterally-projecting lugs 36, that engage theundercut channels 37 in the way 32, whereby said jaws are allowed tomove longitudinally, but are held against being lifted from said way. Toallow-of the introduction of the jaws into said way, the clampbar at oneend is provided with an enlargement 38 of the way 32 to accommodate thelugs 9, which enlargement communicates with the undercut channels 37,thereby enabling the jaws to be inserted in said bar.

To provide for clamping the wires between the jaws 33 in the clamp-bars,an antifrictionroller 39 is journaled in a fork 40, mounted upon the endof a reciprocatory rod 41, which passes through the end of said bar andcarries upon its inner end a coiled spring 42, which is confined betweena shoulder 43 on said bar and the face of the adjacent jaw 33, the innerend of said rod lying in a recess 44 in said jaw. As the chains uponwhich the clampbars are mounted travel into the machine theantifriction-roller 39 passes into engagement with an inclined plate 45,leading from the end of one of the ways 22, which carry said chains, sothat the rod 41 is crowded inwardly and caused to exert a great pressureupon the spring 42, whereby said spring is compressed and its tensionisexerted against the adjacent jaw 33, and its compressing forceimparted to the other jaws through the interposed wires, thereby firmlyclamping said wires while they are passing through the machine, thetension of said spring being maintained by the contact of the roller 39with the side 46 of the way 22 during the passage through the machine ofsaid bar, which tension is released when the bar passes beyond the side46 of said way after reaching the opposite end of the machine, therebyreleasing the jaws and permitting the wires to pass therefrom. It willbe understood that each of the clamp-bars is equipped in the mannerabove described and that the jaws in each of said bars will in turnclamp the wires which are fed into the machine and hold them in aclamped position, the tension upon the clamping-jaws being maintainedduring the passage of each bar through the machine, as will beunderstood. The clamp-bars being mounted upon the links 14 of theendless chains, said bars are successively presented at the front of themachine and pass rearwardly therethrough with the jaws clamping thewires, said bars returning upon the lower side to the forward end of themachine for a succeeding operation.

Mounted in the opposed brackets 47, which are secured to the links 24 ofthe upper chains, are the bars 51, upon which the shuttles 50 aremounted to slide longitudinally. These shuttles carry the rotary needlesthat weave the woof-wires onto the warp-wires as they pass through themachine, said shuttles being driven by means of sprocket-chains whichpass over sprocket-wheels also supported by the brackets. on the links24 and receiving motion from a train of gears, as hereinafter stated.

There will be as many of these shuttles in operation at a time as thereare longitudinal or warp wires in the fence or. fabric, and the machinewill contain a sufficient number of shuttles to keep them constantlysupplied at the feed'end thereof, so as to make continuous the operationof weaving as the fabric passes therethrough, each shuttle arriving inturn at the starting-point in the operation of weaving and continuingsaid operation during its pas- 24, by means of the set-screws 52, toenable said bars to be removed from the brackets for the purpose ofplacing the shuttles thereon. Each of the shuttles 50 is provided with ahead 53, (see Figs. 14 and 15,) which receiv s the bar 51, upon whichsaid head slides, as the shuttle travels transversely through themachine. The course described by each of the shuttles in its passagethrough the machine during the operation of the weaving is zigzag, asillustrated in Fig. 5, in which 54 designates a diagonal zigzag way inwhich the antifriction-roller 55, projecting from the head of. theshuttle, engages and which directs the shuttle in its travel during theoperation of weaving. It will be noted that in most fencing the bars orlongitudinal wires are of greater distance apart at the top than at thebottom, and the bends or deflections, therefore, in the diagonal zigzagway 54 are arranged to accommodate this variation between the wires ofthe fence. It will also be noted that said way is composed of alternatestraight and oblique portions,that the straight portions 56 are all ofthe same length,and that the oblique portions 57 vary in length as thespace between the wires of the fence vary from the top to the bottom. Itwill also be observed that the straight portions 56 of said way areparallel with the direction of movement of the fabric through themachine, and with the warp-wires 34, while the oblique portions 57 areat an angle to said direction of movement and to said wires. As theantifriction-roller 55 of each of the shuttles enters the. forward endof the way 54 said shuttles are brought into operative relation with thetop wires of the fence, around which the bobbin carried by said shuttleis wound while said shuttle is traveling through the first straightportion of said way. After the bobbin has been wound around the top wirethe shuttle is disengaged therefrom and is directed by the succeedingoblique portion of the way, after which the shuttle is again deflectedto the succeeding or third wire of the fabric,and so on. The operationcontinues upon the passage of each shuttle through the machine, saidshuttles starting in at the forward end of the machine upon the firstwire, which for convenience we will term the top wire of the fence andending upon the last or bottom wire before passing from engagement withthe zigzag way. The shuttles follow each other in succession through themachine and those in operation work simultaneously, there being twelveshuttles in continuous operation when weaving a fence or fabriccontaining twelve bars,as shown in Fig. 5. It will be observed that thetravel of the shuttles through the machine is at the same rate of speedas that of the travel of the fabric and that while the shuttles passobliquely from one longitudinal wire to the other the bobbin whichconstitutes the woof-wire of the fabric is drawn straight between thewarp-wires, and that when finally completed each woof-wire is wound uponthe warp-wires at right angles thereto and that said woof-wiresconstitute the vertical or stay wires of the fence.

To explain more fully the operation of ,the shuttle in'the act ofweaving the Woof-wire upon the warp-wires of the fabric, reference willbe had to Figs. 14 to 24, inclusive. To the head 53 of the shuttle areattached the depending sides 58, forming a way between which is mountedthe vertically-movable needle-block 59. Also attached to said head isthe laterally-projecting plate 60, which extends over the top of themovable block and carries the depending finger 61. Journaled in theblock 59 is the shaft 62, which has loosely mounted upon the outer endthereof a sprocket-wheel 63. Formed integral with the hub of said wheelis a disk 64. Fixed to the shaft 62,.adjacent to said disk, is a seconddisk 65. Mounted upon said shaft to slide thereon is a splitclutch-collar 66, adapted to be normally held against the fixed disk bymeans of the coiled spring 67. In the split collar is a fixed pin 68,(see Fig. 24,) which passes through an opening in the disk 65 and isadapted to enter one of the apertures 69 in the disk 64 on the hub ofthe sprocket-wheel, whereby said wheel becomes locked to the shaft andwill cause the shaft to rotate therewith. When the split collar is movedaway from the disk 65, so as to withdraw the pin from one of theapertures in the disk 64, the sprocket-wheel becomes loose on the shaftand may be rotated without imparting movement thereto. Within the centerof the vertically-movable block 59 is a recess or chamber 70. Fixed tothe shaft 62 within said recess is a mutilated gear-wheel 71, having inone face thereof a camway 72, (see Fig. 20,) having an eccentric portion73. Journaled between the brackets 74, on the rear face of thevertically-movable block, is the bell-crank lever 75, carrying upon theinwardly-projecting arm 76 thereof a roller 77, which travels in saidcanlway and is adapted to be actuated by the eccentric portion 73 as thegear-wheel 71 is rotated to operate the lever 75 for purposeshereinafter described. The lower end of the lever 75 is bifurcated, asat 78, and journaled in the sides of said forked portion are thebearing-lugs 79, which lie in the annular channel in the periphery ofthe needle 81, forming a connection between the needle and lever, whichallows said needle to rotate. Upon the periphery of the needle areformed the longitudinally extending gearteeth 82, which mesh with theteeth of the gear 71, by means of which an intermittent rotary movementis imparted to said needle. The needle 81 is supported to rotate withinthe lower portion of the vertically-movable block 59 and is hollow fromend to end thereof, being provided with an open channel 83 in its underface adapted to allow the warp-Wire to enter and lie in said needle whenthe needle drops thereon preparatory to winding the bobbin-wiretherearound.

The verticalmovement which is imparted to the block 59, whereby theneedle is dropped onto the longitudinal wire and is raised therefrom, iscontrolled by certain mechanical devices carried in said block andmounted on the plate 60, projecting from the head of the shuttle.

The movable block 59 is held locked in the raised position by means of alocking-arm 84, pivoted at 85 to the plate 60 and carrying upon itsopposite end a block 86, (see Fig. 19,) having a projecting plunger 87,which enters and reciprocates in a housing 88, the end of which carriesa coiled spring 89, which is confined between the wall of the housingand the enlarged portion of said plunger, whereby the tension of thespring 89 is exerted to crowd the arm 84 over into contact with the pin90, which passes freely through the plate 60 and the top of the block 59and is seated at its lower end in the rectangular frame 91, whichoccupies a portion of the space of the chamber 7 0 within said blockadjacent to the gear-wheel 71. Within the side of said pin is formed anotch, as clearly shown at 92 in Fig. 17, in which the pivotedlocking-arm 84 is adapted to engage when the vertically-movable blockcarrying the needle is raised to the normal position, as shown in Fig.14, in which position said parts are supported wholly by engagement ofthe arm 84 with said pin 90. Projecting from the housing 88 andextending across the locking-arm 84 is a guard 88", which serves toconfine said arm in place while allowing the necessary movement thereof.To provide for disengaging the arm 80 from said pin in order to allowthe block to drop, so as to enable the needle to embrace thelongitudinal wire of the fabric, a lug 93 is secured to the face of thebar 51, so as to project into the path of the upper end of thelatch-bolt 94, which is mounted in the upper end of the block 59 uponthe pivoted arm 95, carrying at its free end a vertical housing 96, inwhich the latch-bolt 94 is seated. The lower end of said bolt withinsaid housing is reduced and earries a coiled spring 97, which returnssaid bolt after being depressed. Attached to the arm 95 is a projectingfinger 98, carrying a coiled spring 99, confined in a recess in theupper end of the block 59 and whose tension is normally exerted to swingthe arm 95 so as to maintain the latch-bolt 94 pressed forward in theopening through the plate 60, in which it reciprocates. By means of thisarrangement as the shuttle is moved along the bar 51 the latch-bolt 94will strike the lug 93, when said bolt will be forced back against theblock 86 and move said block against the action of the spring 89 tocarry the arm 84 free from the notch in the pin 90, when said pin willbe released and will allow tle from movement while the needle is in theweaving position upon the wire, which position of parts is illustratedin Fig. 15: When in position upon the longitudinal wire 34, the needleis rotated to wind the stay or woof wire thereon, as hereinafterexplained, after which the needle is raised from the wire, so as toenable the shuttle to pass to the succeeding wire of the fabric. Therotation of the needle is accomplished through the gear-wheel 71,mounted upon the shaft 62, which, as before explained, is driven throughthe medium of the clutch connected with the sprocket-wheel 63. Saidsprocket-wheel is continuously rotated while the shuttle is passedthrough the machine by means of the sprocket-chain 104, which is held incontact with said sprocketwheel by the idle rollers 105, journaled inthe outer ends of the cross-bar 106', mounted on said shaft adjacentsaid sprocket-wheel, said chain being driven by suitable gearinghereinafter explained. When the block 59, carrying the needle and itsdriving mechanism, drops so as to place the needle upon the wire, theclutch-collar 66 passes from engagement with the finger 61, allowing thespring 67 to throw the pin 68, carried by said collar, through theaperture in the disk and into one of the apertures 69 in the disk 64,thereby locking the disks 65 and 64 together and causing the shaft 62 toturn with the sprocket-wheel 63. This rotation of the shaft turns thegear-wheel 71 and imparts a rotary movement to the needle, whereby thebobbin carried by said shuttle is caused to wrap around the wire 34.

Projecting from the face of the gear-wheel 71 is an antifriction-roller107 which extends into the frame 91, in which the pin is seated, so thatas the gear rotates said roller is carried into contact with the upperside of said frame, which is raised thereby, as shown in Fig. 18 and bydotted lines in Fig. 17. This vertical movement of said frame carriesthe notch 92 in the pin 91 into the path of the locking-arm 84, whichsprings into said notch and locks said frame in the raised position.This movement brings the lower side of the frame 91 into the path of theroller 107, so that a further rotation of the gear-wheel 71 will causesaid roller to engage the bottom of said frame, and thereby raise theblock 59, carrying the needle and its operative mechanism. The verticalmovement of the needle raises it from the wire 34 after it has completedthe winding of the bobbin thereon, and to prevent a further rotation ofthe needle the upward movement of said block carries the clutch-collar66 into engagement with the finger 61, whereby the rotary movement ofsaid collar will cause said finger to wedge between it and said disk 65,as clearly shown in Fig. 14, withdrawing the pin from one of theapertures 69 in the disk 64, when the shaft 62 will cease to rotate andthe gear 63 will run idly thereon,

in whichcondition the parts remain while the shuttle is passing from onewire to the other in its travel through the zigzag way 54, as beforeexplained. It will be noted that as the block 59 is raised by theoperation just described the bolt is moved vertically through the headof the shuttle, raising the arm 102 and carrying its fork fromengagement with the lug 93, whereby the shuttle is rendered free tocontinue its travel along the bar 51. When a succeeding wire is reachedin the passage of the shuttle, the latch 86 will again be tripped bycontact of the succeeding lug 93, (there being as many of said lugs uponthe shuttle-bar as there are longitudinal wires .in the fabric,) whenthe block will again fall so as to place the shuttle upon said wire anddisengage the clutch-collar to again impart movement to the shuttlethrough the gear- Wheel, as before described, which operation isrepeated at each of the longitudinal wires in the fabric by each of theshuttles in its passage through the machine.

It will be noted that the gear-wheel 71 carries a wide tooth 108 andthat the teeth are omitted from a portion of its periphery, as shown at109, and instead of gear-teeth a bearing-flange 110 is substituted, (seeFig. 16,) which is adapted to have bearing on the periphery of theshuttle at a point where the gear-teeth 82 are cut away. The purpose ofthis arrangement is to provide against rotation of the shuttle at thetime when it is being raised from the wire after having wound the bobbinthereon, the parts being so associated that the needle ceases itsrotation at the time the roller 107 carried by the gear-wheel 71,engages the upper side of the frame 91 to raise the block carrying theneedle, so that the rotary movement of said gear-wheel necessary toraise said parts does not impart at that time a rotation to the needle.As each of the shuttles in turn enters the machine to assume anoperative position therein the needle of each shuttle is supplied with acoiled bobbin of wire 111. (See Fig. 21.) There is sufficient wire inthe bobbin to constitute the stay or woof wire to be woven into thefabric, and said wire is formed into a coil, as shown, which is mountedupon the end of the needle by securing the end of the coil under thehook 112, carried at the forward end of the needle and fastened in placeby the screw 113.

In wrapping the bobbin or stay wire around the longitudinal wires of thefabric it is de-

